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2.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 29(3): 615-628, jul.-set. 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347123

ABSTRACT

Resumo A visita de animais de companhia em hospitais vem se tornando cada vez mais frequente, e os benefícios biopsicossociais dessa prática têm sido atestados empírica e cientificamente. Contudo, é preciso refletir sobre certas limitações que podem gerar vulnerabilidades. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar, por meio de pesquisa exploratória, qualiquantitativa, a percepção social sobre a atividade assistida com animais. Respondentes da sociedade (n=116), voluntários (n=15), equipe terapêutica (n=16) e pacientes participantes de intervenções desse tipo (n=16) se mostraram receptivos à presença de animais, enaltecendo os benefícios (especialmente os emocionais) da prática e ofuscando as limitações relativas à biossegurança e ao bem-estar animal. Os resultados corresponderam à expectativa inicial, de que as vulnerabilidades da atividade assistida por animais podem ser mitigadas com o apoio da bioética, dada sua natureza dialogante, multidisciplinar, deliberativa e consultiva, visando a ponderação dos custos, benefícios e alternativas para o bem-estar de todos os atores envolvidos.


Abstract Pet visits to hospitals have become increasingly more frequent, and although its biopsychosocial benefits have been empirically and scientifically ascertained, this activity has risk-related limitations that should be properly addressed. This exploratory, quantitative and qualitative study sought to characterize the social representation of animal-assisted activity. Respondents selected from society in general (N=116), volunteers (N=15), staff members (N=16), and patients (N=16) who participate in animal interventions were receptive to the presence of animals, praising the benefits - especially the emotional - of the activity, and disregarding its limitations, mainly related to biosafety and animal well-being. Results show that the risks involved in the activity can be mitigated by the dialogical, multidisciplinary, deliberative and consultative nature of a bioethical approach aimed at assessing the costs, benefits and alternatives to ensure the well-being of all the actors involved.


Resumen La visita de mascotas en hospitales se ha vuelto cada vez más frecuente, y los beneficios biopsicosociales de esta práctica han sido demostrados empírica y científicamente. Sin embargo, es necesario reflexionar sobre ciertas limitaciones que pueden generar vulnerabilidades. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo caracterizar, por medio de una investigación exploratoria, cualicuantitativa, la percepción social de la actividad asistida por animales. Encuestados de la sociedad (n=116), voluntarios (n=15), equipo terapéutico (n=16) y pacientes participantes en intervenciones de este tipo (n=16) se mostraron receptivos a la presencia de animales, enalteciendo los beneficios (especialmente los emocionales) de la práctica y eclipsando las limitaciones relativas a la bioseguridad y al bienestar animal. Los resultados correspondieron a la expectativa inicial de que las vulnerabilidades de la actividad asistida por animales pueden ser mitigadas con el apoyo de la bioética, dada su naturaleza dialógica, multidisciplinaria, deliberativa y consultiva, buscando considerar los costos, beneficios y alternativas para el bienestar de todos los actores implicados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Vulnerability Analysis , Animal Care Committees , Humanization of Assistance , Ethics, Institutional , Animals
3.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 25(3): 585-595, out.-dez. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-897708

ABSTRACT

Resumo No ambiente hospitalar, privacidade e confidencialidade dos usuários são frequentemente desrespeitadas. Esta pesquisa, exploratória e qualitativa, realizada em hospital geral localizado em Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, objetivou analisar a percepção de usuários sobre aspectos relacionados a sua privacidade e confidencialidade durante a internação. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada com análise de conteúdo. Após análise dos dados, foram criadas duas categorias: privacidade dos usuários hospitalizados e confidencialidade dos dados dos usuários hospitalizados. Os resultados demonstraram que os entrevistados têm entendimento ambíguo e limitado sobre privacidade e confidencialidade. Por não saberem que têm esses direitos não associaram situações invasivas durante a internação ao desrespeito. Além disso, os participantes manifestaram em suas falas passividade e aceitação diante dos cuidados recebidos. Logo, espera-se que os resultados deste estudo possam estimular discussões sobre os aspectos éticos estudados e aperfeiçoar os cuidados em saúde.


Abstract The privacy and confidentiality of users are often disrespected within the hospital setting. The present study, consisting of an exploratory and qualitative survey, was performed in a general hospital located in Pau dos Ferros, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil and aimed to analyze the perception of users regarding aspects related to their privacy and confidentiality during hospitalization The semi-structured interview technique with content analysis was used for data collection. After data analysis, two categories were created: the privacy of hospitalized users and the confidentiality of their data. The results showed that interviewees had an ambiguous understanding of privacy and confidentiality and a limited comprehension of these issues. As they were not aware they had such rights, they did not associate invasive situations experienced during hospitalization with disrespect. In addition, the speeches of the participants showed passivity and acceptance towards the care received. It is therefore hoped that the results of this study can contribute to the expansion of discussions about the ethical aspects studied and possible improvements in health care.


Resumen En el ambiente hospitalario, la privacidad y la confidencialidad de los usuarios son a menudo irrespetadas. Esta investigación, exploratoria y cualitativa, realizada en un hospital general ubicado en Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de los usuarios respecto de los aspectos relacionados con su privacidad y confidencialidad durante la internación. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, con análisis de contenido. Luego del análisis de los datos, se generaron dos categorías: privacidad de los usuarios hospitalizados y confidencialidad de los datos de los usuarios hospitalizados. Los resultados demostraron que los entrevistados tienen un entendimiento ambiguo y limitado sobre privacidad y confidencialidad. Por no comprender que poseen estos derechos, no asociaron situaciones invasivas vivenciadas durante la internación con falta de respeto. Además, los participantes manifestaron en sus discursos pasividad y aceptación ante los cuidados recibidos. Así, se espera que los resultados de este estudio puedan estimular discusiones sobre los aspectos éticos estudiados y perfeccionar los cuidados en salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bioethics , Confidentiality , Ethics, Institutional , Patient Care , Hospitalization , Patient Rights
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(3): 386-392, Mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845552

ABSTRACT

Ten years after the approval of the Chilean bill that regulates scientific research in humans (Law Nº 20.120), and considering the current status of accreditation and training of many Research Ethics Committee (REC), it is necessary to analyze their performance. We analyzed the Chilean experience with REC aiming to propose a differential type of review, considering the risks to research participants. To improve the quality of the review and the efficiency of these committees, we propose to differentiate the revisions depending on the type of project, its methods and its risks. Initially, the types of review should be classified as exempt from review, expedited review and full review by the committee. In this proposal the type of review is confirmed or can be modified by a designated member of the committee after an initial review of the project. Thus, the deliberation and review times of the committee could be optimized avoiding delays in their revision.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethical Review , Ethics Committees, Research/standards , Biomedical Research/ethics , Chile , Ethics Committees, Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Accreditation
6.
Salud colect ; 10(1): 67-79, ene.-abr. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-715757

ABSTRACT

Desde los enfoques de la historia del tiempo presente, este artículo recupera la discusión en torno al XII Congreso Internacional del Cáncer realizado en Buenos Aires en 1978, que provocó la realización en París de un "contracongreso" por iniciativa de Georges Périès. Para ello se describe el escenario político de la época, la situación de los derechos humanos en Argentina, el rol de los medios de comunicación, en especial los periódicos La Nación y Clarín y la revista Gente, y la posición institucional adoptada por la Academia Nacional de Medicina, plasmada en una carta enviada a los presidentes de las principales sociedades científicas del mundo, que se reproduce como fuente documental, tomada del libro Memoria: Año 1978 (Presidencia de Dr. José E. Rivarola). El marco de la discusión remite a la política social de la ciencia versus su presunta neutralidad y el rol de las sociedades científicas.


Using the approaches of history of the present, this article recovers the discussions surrounding the 12th International Conference on Cancer carried out in Buenos Aires in 1978, in reaction to which Georges Périès organized a "counter-conference" in Paris. In order to understand this discussion, the political situation of the time is described, as is the state of human rights at the time in Argentina, the role of the media - in particular the newspapers La Nación and Clarín and the magazine Gente - and the institutional position adopted by the National Academy of Medicine, as expressed in a letter sent to the presidents of the primary scientific societies of the world. The letter is reprinted in this text as a documentary source, taken from Memoria: Año 1978 (Presidencia de Dr. José E. Rivarola) [Acta: Year 1978 (Presidency of Dr. José E. Rivarola)]. The framework of the discussion makes reference to science's social policy versus science's supposed neutrality and the role of scientific societies.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Congresses as Topic/history , Medical Oncology/history , Neoplasms , Academies and Institutes , Argentina
7.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 22(4): 873-884, out.-dez. 2013.
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: lil-701518

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to carry out a socio-linguistic analysis of the dissemination of the Charter of Citizens' Rights and Obligations in Public Health Services. We designed a qualitative investigation using observation and content analysis. A deductive analysis technique was followed, based on the "SPEAKING" model categories. The data analysis suggests a clear framework of rights and obligations has been established, but is not very familiar to patients and relatives. We can conclude that despite the widespread dissemination and publicity of the Citizens' Charter of Rights and Obligations, we still need the involvement of professionals. Nurses can develop a fundamental role in this process.


O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma análise sociolinguística da difusão da Carta dos Direitos e Deveres dos Cidadãos nos Serviços de Saúde Pública. Desenhamos uma investigação qualitativa seguida de uma estratégia analítico-dedutiva, com base nas categorias do modelo "SPEAKING". A análise dos dados sugere que um quadro claro de direitos e obrigações tenha sido estabelecida, mas não é muito familiar para pacientes e familiares. Concluímos que, apesar da ampla difusão e publicidade da Carta dos Direitos e Deveres dos Cidadãos, ainda precisamos do envolvimento dos profissionais. Os enfermeiros podem desenvolver um papel fundamental neste processo.


El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un análisis socio-lingüístico de la difusión de la Carta de derechos y Obligaciones de los Ciudadanos en los Servicios Públicos de Salud. Diseñamos una investigación cualitativa mediante análisis de contenido y observación. Se sigue una estrategia analítica deductiva con base en las categorías del modelo "SPEAKING". El análisis de los datos sugiere el establecimiento de un claro marco de derechos y obligaciones, pero que no se ejerce habitualmente por los pacientes y familiares. Concluimos que, pese a la amplia difusión de la Carta de Derechos y Obligaciones de los ciudadanos, sigue siendo necesaria la implicación de los profesionales. Las enfermeras pueden desempeñar un papel fundamental en este proceso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Rights , Ethics, Institutional , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Health Communication
8.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052109

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: edeterminar el área de transgresión ético médica más frecuente según la percepción del personal médico del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo durante el año 2011 según algunas características de los médicos. Materia y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal. Se aplicó la sexta versión del test de Transgresiones ético médicas a 175 internos, residentes y médicos asistentes que desarrollan su actividad asistencial en el Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. El test está conformado por 28 ítems subdivididos en seis áreas. Para identificar las trasgresiones ético médicas más frecuentes se tomó en cuenta a aquellas que tengan mayor número de veces "frecuente" o "muy frecuente. Resultados: de los seis tipos de transgresiones la más frecuentemente elegida fue aquella que está en relación directa con el paciente (relación médico-paciente) y dentro de esta área "informan insuficientemente al paciente". El segundo lugar, con 18,76%, lo ocupa las transgresiones en la confección de la historia clínica y con 14,01% las que incumplen el deber de actualización permanente. Menores cantidades corresponden a las áreas "económica", "sociales extra clínicas" y "de connotación penal" con porcentajes de 11,6; 11,6 y 7,9 respectivamente. Conclusiones: El área de la transgresión ético médica más frecuente es la relación médico paciente. Las transgresiones ético médicas más frecuentes para los médicos asistentes son registran mal los datos en la historia clínica, están desactualizados en sus conocimientos en ética médica y realizan la historia clínica de modo incompleto.(AU)


Objetive: to determine the most frequent area of ethic￾medical transgression according to the perception of Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital's medical staff during 2011.Materials and methods: a descriptive, prospective, cross￾sectional study was carried out. It was applied the sixth version of the Ethic-medical Transgressions Test to 175 interns, residents and attending doctors which perform their labor in the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. The test consists of 28 items subdivide in six areas. To identify the most frequent ethic-medical transgressions we included those which had the most times 'frequent' of 'very frequent'. Results:from the six types of transgressions, the most frequently chose was that which had a direct relationship with the patient (doctor-patient relationship) and in this area: 'insufficient information to the patient'. The next most frequent transgression (18.76 %) was the transgressions in the making of the medical chart, and with 14.01 %, those which don't fulfill the duty of permanent updating. Lesser quantities belong to the areas 'economic', 'extra clinical social' and 'with criminal connotation', with 11.6 %, 11.6 % and 7.9 % respectively. Conclusions: the most frequent area of ethic-medical transgression is the doctor-patient relationship. Those which were more frequent for attending doctors were a poor registration of data on the medical chart, to not be updated in their medical ethics knowledge and to write an incomplete medical chart. (AU)

9.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 20(1)jan.-abr. 2012.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-646103

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho objetiva analisar o funcionamento de um comitê hospitalar de bioética nos três primeiros anos de funcionamento. O estudo foi desenvolvido mediante análise do livro de atas e aplicação de questionário Likert (escala 1 a 6) aos membros. No livro de atas estão registradas 25 das 36 reuniães previstas. Os resultados do questionário mostraram que o comitê assessorou parcialmente os profissionais (média 5,08±0,76), revisou documentos e promoveu formação em bioética aos seus membros (média 5,23±0,83). Houve quase unanimidade quanto à importância e continuação do comitê na instituição (média 5,92±0,28). A promoção de formação em bioética aos demais profissionais foi considerada insuficiente (média 4±1,63), bem como sua divulgação interna (média 4,54±1,20). As principais funçães do comitê foram cumpridas e sua continuidade na instituição foi apoiada. Para solucionar os problemas encontrados propãe-se maior divulgação do comitê na instituição e realização de cursos de bioética aos demais profissionais.


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Education, Continuing , Ethics Committees , Ethics Committees, Clinical , Ethics, Institutional , Health Personnel , Organizational Case Studies , Statistics
10.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(1): 1-10, jan.-mar. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621502

ABSTRACT

In the of organizational management, the term "compliance" designates the set of actions to mitigate risk and prevent corruption. Programs are composed by formal control systems, codes of ethics, educational actions, ombudsmen, and reporting channels - to mention the most recurrent, which vary according to the sector, the institutional culture, and the strategy. Leadership has a fundamental role in the process of compliance, not only due to its power to implement it, but precisely because it exercises this power, in itself, the object of reflections on ethics. The goal of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility of leaders to the risk of breaching organizational rules that involve ethical aspects. For quantitative investigation, we used social and descriptive statistical analysis of secondary data provided by ICTS Global, a company specialized in risk reduction. The study analyzed deals with non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, carried out between the years 2004 and 2008 with employees and candidates of 74 private companies located in Brazil. The final number of individuals studied is 7,267. The indicators analyzed are contained in the index of moral perception of comprehension of individual vision of the concerning hypotheses of ethical conflicts. According to the information obtained in the investigation, leaders are more willing to fail to comply. Paradoxically, the data also show that leaders are more loyal to organizations, raising the hypothesis that the bent toward moral integrity and loyalty to the organization are not necessarily simultaneous behaviors (it is possible that, motivated by loyalty, a leader might break away from individual principles). Based on the data and on bibliographic references, our final considerations point to the importance of considering systems from which leadership is recruited, compensated, promoted, developed, etc., in the prevention of corruption. Our data do not show that leaders are more corrupt, but that they have a greater disposition towards relaxing principles in professional circumstances.


No campo da gestão organizacional, o termo "compliance" designa o conjunto de ações para mitigar o risco e prevenir corrupção. Os programas são compostos por sistemas de controles formais, códigos de ética, ações educativas, ouvidorias e canais de denúncia - para citar os mais recorrentes, que variam de acordo com o setor, a cultura institucional e a estratégia. A liderança tem papel fundamental no processo de compliance, não apenas pelo poder de implementá-lo, mas precisamente por exercer o poder, em si, objeto das reflexões sobre ética. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a suscetibilidade dos líderes ao risco de descumprimento das regras organizacionais que envolvem aspectos éticos. Para a pesquisa quantitativa, utilizamos análise estatística social e descritiva de dados secundários cedidos pela ICTS Global, empresa especializada na redução de riscos. A pesquisa analisada trata de amostra não probabilística por conveniência, realizada entre os anos de 2004 e 2008, com funcionários e candidatos de 74 empresas privadas situadas no Brasil. O número final de indivíduos pesquisados totalizou 7.267. Os indicadores analisados estão contidos no índice de percepção moral de entendimento da visão do indivíduo frente a hipóteses de conflitos éticos. De acordo com as informações obtidas pela pesquisa, os líderes são mais dispostos à quebra do compliance. Paradoxalmente, os dados também mostram que líderes têm maior lealdade às organizações, levantando a hipótese de que disposição à integridade moral e lealdade à organização não são condutas simultâneas, necessariamente (é possível que, motivado pela lealdade, um líder rompa com princípios individuais). Apoiados nos dados e nas referências bibliográficas, nossas considerações finais apontam para a importância de serem considerados os sistemas a partir dos quais a liderança é recrutada, remunerada, promovida, desenvolvida etc., quando da prevenção da corrupção. Nossos dados não mostram que líderes sejam mais corruptos, mas que apresentam maior disposição à flexibilizar princípios nas circunstâncias profissionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ethics, Institutional , Guideline Adherence , Leadership , Organizational Culture , Professional Misconduct , Brazil , Models, Theoretical , Morals , Politics , Risk Reduction Behavior
11.
Rev. medica electron ; 33(1): 89-95, ene.-feb. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-585230

ABSTRACT

Un adecuado proceso docente educativo en las Ciencias Médicas es necesario para garantizar la calidad del profesional, que no solo tendrá los conocimientos científico-técnicos, sino la formación ética que permitirá elevar la calidad de la atención médica con un enfoque humanista. Por tal motivo, las autoras de este trabajo se propusieron fundamentar la importancia de algunos factores relacionados con este encargo social, así como tener en cuenta las prioridades en la formación ético profesional, pues es esta una manera de poder influir en la conducción científica del proceso docente con un enfoque sistémico en relación al rol del profesional, la importancia del clima institucional y la motivación profesional para dar continuidad a la publicación anterior que dio inicio al análisis de estas prioridades.


It is necessary an adequate teaching-educative process in Medical Sciences to warranty the quality of the professional, who would have not only the scientific-technical knowledge, but also the ethic formation allowing to raise the quality of the medical care with a humanistic approach. For that reason, the authors of this work intended to support the importance of some factors related with this social task, and also to take into account the priorities in the ethic-professional formation, because this a form of influencing the scientific conduction of the teaching process with a systemic approach in relation with the role of the professional, the importance of the institutional climate and the professional motivation to continue the previous publication that began the analysis of these priorities.

12.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 58(2): 231-238, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-874112

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Investigar a percepção de estudantes concluintes de cursos de Odontologia sobre os aspectos éticos no atendimento odontológico e como esses futuros profissionais têm aprendido a lidar com eles a partir dos problemas vivenciados na clínica. Métodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa. A técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi a de Grupo Focal. Os sujeitos entrevistados foram alunos concluintes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte e da Universidade Potiguar. A discussão em cada grupo foi realizada com base em roteiro e registrada em gravação de áudio e anotações por escrito. O conteúdo foi sistematizado e, em seguida, categorizado por análise temática. Resultados: Os achados encontrados na literatura específica foram confirmados. As discussões dos grupos focais apontaram carência de conhecimentos sobre temas como ética, humanização e aspectos relacionais na prática clínica. Estes, quando desenvolvidos, são de forma marginal em aulas teóricas, sem inserção maior durante a realização das práticas. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos aproximaram-se daqueles identificados na literatura, sugerindo a necessidade de articular aspectos éticos e relacionais aos conteúdos técnicos na formação acadêmica dos futuros profissionais de Odontologia.


Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how graduating dentistry students perceive the ethical aspects of dental treatment and how these future professionals have learned to deal with them, starting with the problems experienced in clinical practice. Methods: This was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data collection method used was the focus group. The interviewed subjects were the students graduating from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and Universidade Potiguar. The discussion in each group was based on a script and recorded on tape and in writing. The content was systematized and then categorized by thematic analysis. Results: The findings published in the literature were confirmed. Focus group discussions showed that the students lacked knowledge on topics such as ethics, humanization and related aspects in clinical practice. When these subjects are approached, it is done superficially in theoretical classes, but not in practical situations. Conclusion: The results were similar to those found in the literature, suggesting the need to introduce ethics and related aspects with technical content to the academic education of future dental professionals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Dental/ethics
13.
International e-Journal of Science, Medicine and Education ; : 35-38, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-629329

ABSTRACT

A better educated public has started to challenge the way decisions are made in medical research activities. Although Institutional and National Guidelines on Research are in place, there are fears that Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and funding agencies are only fairly active in scientific and ethical reviews of research proposals but not on oversight of projects after their initiation. These issues are integral to good research governance and researchers and custodians of research ethics must ensure that public interest is not compromised. Medical progress is based on research including human experimentation carried out according to guiding principles as enunciated in the Declaration of Helsinki (2000), but the quality of compliance with the Declaration is an important issue. Better choice and appropriate training of members of IRBs to improve the quality of decision making and governance processes are urgently needed. Competency in evaluation of proposals requires not only the appropriate scientific knowledge but also access to relevant preclinical and other data. Unfortunately, the completeness and quality of such data may not be adequate. Public interest demands that injury to trial subjects in clinical trials is minimized if not avoided completely. Unfortunately this is not always possible with trials where novel biological modes of action are tested. A more robust evaluation mechanism for project approval may minimize but not completely avoid injury to subjects; thus insurance cover to provide care and compensation to subjects must be compulsory. The decision to approve or reject a project must be based on the balance of potential risks and benefits, taking into consideration justifiable distributive risks to target communities and populations. Economic considerations should never be the primary focus, especially when there are real concerns that the migration of early phase clinical trials including vaccine trials to developing countries is based on the perceived less stringent ethical requirements and oversight there.

14.
Humanidad. med ; 6(3): 0-0, sep.-dic. 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738642

ABSTRACT

La investigación se centra en la caracterización de la actividad profesional del Contingente Médico Internacional “Henry Reeve”, especializado en situaciones de desastre y graves epidemias, tomando en cuenta el condicionamiento histórico social de la génesis del mismo, su desempeño profesional como parte de la sociedad revolucionaria cubana, así como su repercusión internacional; para lo mismo se realizó un estudio teórico, basado en la aplicación de los métodos históricos, de análisis y síntesis de fuentes documentales. El estudio permitió observar que, los servicios médicos no son únicamente un asunto de formación científica, es un asunto de política y de formación humanista. La posibilidad de su realización está condicionada histórica y socialmente de un modo concreto. La ciencia, ética y sociedad constituyen una unidad histórica que se asienta en un tipo cualitativo de política, por lo que la formación actual y futura de médicos y profesionales de la salud en nuestro país, deberá basarse en las necesidades de los campos, aldeas, barrios marginales y pobres de las ciudades del Tercer Mundo, consolidando los valores humanos necesarios en estos profesionales. Los miembros del Contingente Henry Reeve son portadores de profundos conocimientos científicos, de una fortaleza política, altos valores humanos y principios éticos inconfundibles, demostrados a través de estos años de revolución mediante la atención a nuestro pueblo, el cumplimiento de misiones internacionalistas y la colaboración médica en más de 100 países.


This investigation is centred in the characterization of the professional activity of the International Medical Contingent ‘‘Henry Reeves'', specialized in disaster situations and serius epidemics, taking into account, its own social and historical nature, its professional acting as a part of the Cuban Revolutionary Society, as well as its international repercussion. For this reason a theorical study was carried out, based on the application of the historical methods of analysis and synthesis of documental sources. This study is allowed to observe that the medical services are not only a matter of scientific formation, its is a matter of policy and humanist formation. Science, ethics and society constitute a historical unit that settles a qualitative type of policy, for that reason the present and future formation of doctors and professionals of medicine should be based in the necessities of the people who live in the country side, villages and marginal neighbourhoods and the poors of the cities of the Third World, consolidating the necessary human values of these professionals. The members of the ‘Henry Reeves' Contingent have a mastery of deep scientific knowledge and political strength, high human values and unmistakable ethical principles, demonstrated through these years of Revolution by means of the attention to our people, carrying out international missions and the medical collaboration in more than 100 countries.

15.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 3-10, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-75137

ABSTRACT

The institutional review board is crucial to ensure the scientific and ethical quality of human participant research. This paper analyzes a survey on the current constitution and operation of institutional review boards (IRBs) in Korea, conducted by the Korean Association of Institutional Review Boards in April 2002. Out of 74 IRBs, 63 responded to the survey (85.1% response rate). IRB membership has a male-to-female ratio of approximately 80:20, a predominance of male clinicians (60%) and an underrepresentation of community people unaffiliated to the institutions (less than 10%). Most IRBs (around 80%) confine the scope of their reviews to the clinical evaluation of drugs or devices, leaving the remaining areas of research involving human participants untouched. As their role is limited, the majority of IRBs do not operate actively: 72% of responding IRBs reviewed less than one protocol per month in 2001. Sixty two percent of institutions have never discussed the need for insuring research participants' risks or making indemnity arrangements. This survey reveals many shortcomings and points for improvement by the institutional support bodies, including the need to establish regular education programs for IRB members and investigators.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Appointments and Schedules , Clinical Trials as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence , Clinical Trials as Topic/standards , Data Collection , Epidemiologic Studies , Ethics Committees, Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethics Committees, Research/standards , Ethics Committees, Research/statistics & numerical data , Human Experimentation/legislation & jurisprudence , Human Experimentation/standards , Korea , Politics , Public Policy , Research Design/standards
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